The concept of a 'just transition' to decarbonization is compelling, but the successful adoption of renewable energy in developing countries like Ethiopia, Pakistan, and South Africa hinges on affordability.

<p>Policymakers have used the concept of a “just transition” to make a morally and emotionally compelling case for decarbonization. But the experiences of Ethiopia, Pakistan, and South Africa show that rapid renewable-energy uptake in emerging and developing countries often comes down to affordability.</p>