No single nation can achieve AI sovereignty alone; international cooperation is essential for regulation, infrastructure, and universal interfaces. This collaborative approach fosters competition and interoperability across all AI layers.

<p>Paradoxically, no economy can build the architecture of AI sovereignty alone. Coalitions of countries must work together to regulate the sector, design and operate the rails, open the model layer, and universalize the agent interface, thereby embedding contestability and interoperability into every layer.</p>