As India becomes the world's most populous nation, some allies of Prime Minister Modi are advocating for larger families to counter declining fertility rates, despite existing population challenges like youth unemployment.

India may be the world’s most populous country, with 1.42 billion people and challenges like high youth unemployment, but powerful allies of Prime Minister Narendra Modi are championing larger families to counter a declining fertility rate. Even though the United Nations projects India’s population would keep rising for ‌about four decades, peaking at around 1.7 billion, some policymakers and Hindu groups say the shift away from smaller families should begin now, including through government...