China's industrial policy has become more systematic, expanding from targeting specific sectors to covering all production layers, including frontier technologies. This comprehensive strategy is outlined in its latest five-year plan and the 'Made in China 2025' initiative.

China’s industrial policy is becoming more systematic and pervasive, shifting from targeting specific sectors towards covering all layers of production, a recent report by the US Chamber of Commerce and Rhodium Group released on Monday has found. The strategy, as laid out in the latest 15th five-year plan, now covers additional frontier technologies, such as biomanufacturing, embodied intelligence and intelligent driving. Coverage has likewise expanded under the country’s “Made in China 2025”....