Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim is struggling to find a solution to Malaysia's fuel subsidy issue, balancing fiscal discipline with the risk of alienating middle-class voters.

Malaysia’s plan to stop wealthier drivers from enjoying cheap subsidised petrol has left Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim facing a politically fraught question: how to define “rich” without punishing households already squeezed by higher living costs. The issue has sharpened as the Middle East energy shock strains government finances, forcing authorities to weigh fiscal discipline against the risk of angering middle-class voters in a car-dependent country. Anwar said the government had agreed in...